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scientific articles

Tenascin-X Haploinsufficiency Associated with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome in Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

key information

source: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

year: 2013

authors: Merke DP, Chen W, Morissette R, Xu Z, Van Ryzin C, Sachdev V, Hannoush H, Shanbhag SM, Acevedo AT, Nishitani M, Arai AE, McDonnell NB

summary/abstract:

CONTEXT:
The gene for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, CYP21A2, is flanked by the gene encoding tenascin-X (TNXB), a connective tissue extracellular matrix protein that has been linked to both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). A contiguous deletion of CYP21A2 and TNXB has been described.
OBJECTIVE:
The objective of the study was to determine the frequency and clinical significance of TNXB haploinsufficiency in CAH patients.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:
A total of 192 consecutive unrelated CAH patients being seen as part of an observational study at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (Bethesda, MD) were prospectively studied during 2006-2010. Patients were evaluated for clinical evidence of EDS, including cardiac evaluation. DNA was analyzed by PCR, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, Southern blot, and TNXB sequencing. Tenascin-X expression was evaluated by Western blot analysis of fibroblasts and immunostaining of the skin. CAH patients with TNXB haploinsufficiency were compared with age-matched CAH patients with normal TNXB (controls). Phenotyping of 7 parents with TNXB haploinsufficiency was performed.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The frequency of TNXB haploinsufficiency among CAH patients and the frequency of EDS symptomatology among CAH patients with TNXB haploinsufficiency and controls.
RESULTS:
TNXB haploinsufficiency, here termed CAH-X syndrome, was present in 7% of CAH patients. Twelve of 91 patients carrying a CYP21A2 deletion (13%) carried a contiguous deletion that extended into TNXB. One patient carried a TNXB premature stop codon. Twelve of 13 patients with CAH-X had EDS clinical features. Patients with CAH-X were more likely than age-matched controls to have joint hypermobility (P < .001), chronic joint pain (P = .003), multiple joint dislocations (P = .004), a structural cardiac valve abnormality by echocardiography (P = .02), and reduced tenascin-X expression by Western blot and immunostaining. A subset of parents had clinical findings.
CONCLUSIONS:
Clinical evaluation for connective tissue dysplasia should be routinely performed in CAH patients, especially those harboring a CYP21A2 deletion.

organization: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center

DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3148

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